Opinion
Open Access
Scientific Opinion on principles for deriving and applying Dietary Reference Values
Panel members: Carlo Agostoni, Jean‐Louis Bresson, Susan Fairweather‐Tait, Albert Flynn, Ines Golly, Hannu Korhonen, Pagona Lagiou, Martinus Løvik, Rosangela Marchelli, Ambroise Martin, Bevan Moseley, Monika Neuhäuser‐Berthold, Hildegard Przyrembel, Seppo Salminen, Yolanda Sanz, Sean (J.J.) Strain, Stephan Strobel, Inge Tetens, Daniel Tomé, Hendrik van Loveren and Hans Verhagen.
Correspondence: nda@efsa.europa.eu
Acknowledgement: The Panel wishes to thank for the preparation of this Opinion: Wulf Becker, Henk van den Berg, Karin Hulshof, Albert Flynn, Alan Jackson, Ambroise Martin, and Hildegard Przyrembel.
Adoption date: 4 December 2009
Published date: 25 March 2010
Question number: EFSA‐Q‐2008‐463
On request from: European Commission
Abstract
This Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA) deals with the general principles for development and application of Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). These quantitative reference values for nutrient intakes for healthy individuals and populations are based on health criteria. Derived from DRVs, nutrients goals and recommendations take into account other criteria such as food composition or dietary habits, and may be used for assessment and planning of diets. It is proposed to derive the following DRVs: 1) Population Reference Intakes (PRI), 2) Average Requirement (AR), 3) Lower Threshold Intake (LTI), 4) Adequate Intake (AI), 5) Reference Intake ranges for macronutrients (RI). Nutrient requirements differ with age, sex and physiological condition. The Panel proposes to define the age ranges used for each nutrient on a case‐by‐case basis depending on the available data. For the age group < 6 months requirements are considered to be equal to the supply from breast‐ milk, except in those cases where this does not apply. Separate reference values will be established for pregnant and lactating women. Interpolation or extrapolation between population groups will be used in instances where no data are available for defined age and sex groups.
Citing Literature
Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 25
- Petra Lührmann, Anja Carlsohn, Ernährung und Ernährungsverhalten – ein wichtiges Feld der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, 10.1007/978-3-662-55793-8_77-1, (1-23), (2020).
- Outcome of public consultations on the Scientific Opinions of the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) on Dietary Reference Values for sodium and chloride, EFSA Supporting Publications, 10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1679, 16, 9, (2019).
- Gabriela Cormick, Jose M Belizán, Calcium Intake and Health, Nutrients, 10.3390/nu11071606, 11, 7, (1606), (2019).
- Jean-Pierre Chouraqui, Gabriel Tavoularis, Dominique Turck, Constance Ferry, François Feillet, Mineral and vitamin intake of infants and young children: the Nutri-Bébé 2013 survey, European Journal of Nutrition, 10.1007/s00394-019-02093-3, (2019).
- Jean-Pierre Chouraqui, Gabriel Tavoularis, Umberto Simeoni, Constance Ferry, Dominique Turck, Food, water, energy, and macronutrient intake of non-breastfed infants and young children (0–3 years), European Journal of Nutrition, 10.1007/s00394-018-1883-y, (2019).
- Kevin D. Cashman, Vitamin D Deficiency: Defining, Prevalence, Causes, and Strategies of Addressing, Calcified Tissue International, 10.1007/s00223-019-00559-4, (2019).
- Outcome of the public consultation on a draft protocol for the Scientific Opinion on dietary sugars, EFSA Supporting Publications, 10.2903/sp.efsa.2018.EN-1455, 15, 8, (2018).
- H. Kalhoff, M. Kersting, Programming Long-Term Health: Nutrition and Diet in Infants Aged 6 Months to 1 Year, Early Nutrition and Long-Term Health, 10.1016/B978-0-08-100168-4.00019-7, (499-535), (2017).
- Keith A. Grimaldi, Ben van Ommen, Jose M. Ordovas, Laurence D. Parnell, John C. Mathers, Igor Bendik, Lorraine Brennan, Carlos Celis-Morales, Elisa Cirillo, Hannelore Daniel, Brenda de Kok, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Susan J. Fairweather-Tait, Rosalind Fallaize, Michael Fenech, Lynnette R. Ferguson, Eileen R. Gibney, Mike Gibney, Ingrid M. F. Gjelstad, Jim Kaput, Anette S. Karlsen, Silvia Kolossa, Julie Lovegrove, Anna L. Macready, Cyril F. M. Marsaux, J. Alfredo Martinez, Fermin Milagro, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Helen M. Roche, Wim H. M. Saris, Iwona Traczyk, Henk van Kranen, Lars Verschuren, Fabio Virgili, Peter Weber, Jildau Bouwman, Proposed guidelines to evaluate scientific validity and evidence for genotype-based dietary advice, Genes & Nutrition, 10.1186/s12263-017-0584-0, 12, 1, (2017).
- Outcome of a public consultation on the Draft Scientific Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) on Dietary Reference Values for riboflavin, EFSA Supporting Publications, 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.EN-1268, 14, 8, (2017).
- Outcome of a public consultation on the Scientific Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) on Dietary Reference Values for sodium (intermediate draft) and related protocol, EFSA Supporting Publications, 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.EN-1356, 14, 12, (2017).
- Dietary Reference Values for nutrients Summary report, EFSA Supporting Publications, 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.e15121, 14, 12, (2017).
- Outcome of a public consultation on the Draft Scientific Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin K, EFSA Supporting Publications, 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.EN-1220, 14, 5, (2017).
- Eha Nurk, Keiu Nelis, Marge Saamel, Madli Martverk, Ann Jõeleht, Liis Nelis, National Dietary Survey among children up to ten years old and breastfeeding mothers in Estonia, EFSA Supporting Publications, 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.EN-1199, 14, 4, (2017).
- Elly Mertens, Pieter van’t Veer, Gerrit J Hiddink, Jan MJM Steijns, Anneleen Kuijsten, Operationalising the health aspects of sustainable diets: a review, Public Health Nutrition, 10.1017/S1368980016002664, 20, 4, (739-757), (2016).
- Dietary reference values for vitamin D, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4547, 14, 10, (2016).
- Revision of the currently authorised maximum copper content in complete feed, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4563, 14, 8, (2016).
- Dominique Turck, Jean‐Louis Bresson, Barbara Burlingame, Tara Dean, Susan Fairweather‐Tait, Marina Heinonen, Karen Ildico Hirsch‐Ernst, Inge Mangelsdorf, Harry McArdle, Monika Neuhäuser‐Berthold, Grażyna Nowicka, Kristina Pentieva, Yolanda Sanz, Alfonso Siani, Anders Sjödin, Martin Stern, Daniel Tomé, Henk Van Loveren, Marco Vinceti, Peter Willatts, Peter Aggett, Ambroise Martin, Hildegard Przyrembel, Anja Brönstrup, Janusz Ciok, José Ángel Gómez Ruiz, Agnès Sesmaisons‐Lecarré, Androniki Naska, Dietary reference values for potassium, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4592, 14, 10, (2016).
- Outcome of a public consultation on the Draft Scientific Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin B6, EFSA Supporting Publications, 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.EN-1035, 13, 6, (2016).
- Outcome of a public consultation on the Draft Scientific Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin D, EFSA Supporting Publications, 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.EN-1078, 13, 10, (2016).
- J. Dalmau, L. Peña-Quintana, A. Moráis, V. Martínez, V. Varea, M.J. Martínez, B. Soler, Análisis cuantitativo de la ingesta de nutrientes en niños menores de 3 años. Estudio ALSALMA, Anales de Pediatría, 10.1016/j.anpedi.2014.09.017, 82, 4, (255-266), (2015).
- Kerry A Brown, Liesbeth de Wit, Lada Timotijevic, Anne-Mette Sonne, Liisa Lähteenmäki, Noé Brito Garcia, Marta Jeruszka-Bielak, Ewa Sicińska, Alana N Moore, Mark Lawrence, Monique M Raats, Communication of scientific uncertainty: international case studies on the development of folate and vitamin D Dietary Reference Values, Public Health Nutrition, 10.1017/S1368980014002006, 18, 8, (1378-1388), (2014).
- Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for energy, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3005, 11, 1, (2013).
- F Turati, V Edefonti, F Bravi, M Ferraroni, R Talamini, A Giacosa, M Montella, M Parpinel, C La Vecchia, A Decarli, Adherence to the European food safety authority's dietary recommendations and colorectal cancer risk, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 10.1038/ejcn.2011.217, 66, 4, (517-522), (2012).
- Stef Buuren, Yvonne Schönbeck, Paula Dommelen, Collection, collation and analysis of data in relation to reference heights and reference weights for female and male children and adolescents (0–18 years) in the EU, as well as in relation to the age of onset of puberty and the age at which different stages of puberty are reached in adolescents in the EU, EFSA Supporting Publications, 10.2903/sp.efsa.2012.EN-255, 9, 3, (n/a-n/a), (2012).
