Opinion
Open Access
Scientific Opinion on the assessment of allergenicity of GM plants and microorganisms and derived food and feed
Panel members: Hans Christer Andersson, Salvatore Arpaia, Detlef Bartsch, Josep Casacuberta, Howard Davies, Patrick du Jardin, Gerhard Flachowsky, Lieve Herman, Huw Jones, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Jozsef Kiss, Gijs Kleter, Harry Kuiper, Antoine Messéan, Kaare Magne Nielsen, Joe Perry, Annette Pöting, Jeremy Sweet, Christoph Tebbe, Atte Johannes von Wright, and Jean‐Michel Wal
Correspondence: gmo@efsa.europa.eu
Acknowledgement: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Working Group on “The assessment of allergenicity of genetically modified foods” for the preparation of this Draft Scientific Opinion: Rob Aalberse, Hans Christer Andersson, Philippe Eigenmann, Ralf Einspanier, Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, Gijs Kleter, Ilona Kryspin‐Sorensen, Martinus Lövik, Clare Mills, Jean‐Marie Saint‐Remy, Willem Seinen, Daniel Soeria‐Atmadja (until September 2009), Ingrid Van der Meer, Jean‐Michel Wal (Chair) and John Warner (until September 2008); the following experts for their contribution on specialised issues: Dominique Kaiserlian (January 2007), Jean‐Paul Lallès (July 2008), Gabriel Peltre (July 2007), André Penninks (January 2007); and EFSA's staff members Ellen Van Haver and Antonio Fernandez Dumont for the support provided to this EFSA scientific output
Adoption date: 30 June 2010
Published date: 29 July 2010
Question number: EFSA‐Q‐2005‐125
On request from: EFSA
Abstract
The weight‐of‐evidence, case‐by‐case approach is considered the most appropriate way of assessing the allergenicity of genetically modified (GM) food and feed. This scientific opinion discusses various aspects to increase the strength and accuracy of this approach, including the latest developments pertaining to clinical aspects of allergic reactions, structural aspects of GM food and feed and in silico approaches, as well as IgE binding studies and cell‐based methods, profiling techniques and animal models. In this context, conclusions and recommendations are provided to update and complement current risk assessment strategies for the allergenicity assessment of newly expressed protein(s) and whole GM food and feed. In summary, it is recommended that with regard to the search for sequence homology and structural similarities, the local alignment method with a known allergen with a threshold of 35% sequence identity over a window of at least 80 amino acids is considered a minimal requirement. When IgE binding tests are considered necessary, e.g. when there is sequence homology and/or structure similarity with known allergens, the use of individual sera from allergic individuals rather than pooled sera is recommended. In addition to the pepsin resistance test, it is recommended that the resistance to digestion of the newly expressed proteins is evaluated using other in vitro digestibility tests mimicking physiological conditions of humans. Finally, when the recipient of the introduced gene is allergenic, in order to compare the allergenicty of the whole GM plant with that of its appropriate comparator(s), it is recommended that relevant characterised endogenous allergens are included in the comparative compositional analysis of the GM plant and its appropriate comparator(s). Proposals for the use of additional testing that may improve the weight‐of‐evidence approach and suggestions for further evaluation of new promising methods that are as yet in an early phase of development are also addressed.
Citing Literature
Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 137
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- Hanspeter Naegeli, Jean‐Louis Bresson, Tamas Dalmay, Ian Crawford Dewhurst, Michele Epstein, Leslie George Firbank, Philippe Guerche, Jan Hejatko, Francisco Javier Moreno, Ewen Mullins, Fabien Nogué, Nils Rostoks, Jose Juan Sánchez Serrano, Giovanni Savoini, Eve Veromann, Fabio Veronesi, Fernando Álvarez, Antonio Fernandez Dumont, Nikoletta Papadopoulou, Michele Ardizzone, Yann Devos, Andrea Gennaro, Jose Ángel Ruiz Gómez, Anna Lanzoni, Franco Maria Neri, Konstantinos Paraskevopoulos, Tommaso Raffaello, Giacomo De Sanctis, Assessment of genetically modified soybean MON 87708 × MON 89788 × A5547‐127, for food and feed uses, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2016‐135), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5733, 17, 7, (2019).
- Guillaume Fayet, Benoit Tribouilloy, Patricia Rotureau, Flash point of binary mixtures of chlorinated hydrocarbons with toluene and their predictability with existing mixing rule, Process Safety Progress, 10.1002/prs.12127, 0, 0, (2019).
- Marco Garcia-Vaquero, Leticia Mora, Maria Hayes, In Vitro and In Silico Approaches to Generating and Identifying Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I Inhibitory Peptides from Green Macroalga Ulva lactuca, Marine Drugs, 10.3390/md17040204, 17, 4, (204), (2019).
- Antonio Fernandez Dumont, Anna Lanzoni, Elisabeth Waigmann, Claudia Paoletti, Relevance of new scientific information (Santos‐Vigil et al., 2018) in relation to the risk assessment of genetically modified crops with Cry1Ac, EFSA Supporting Publications, 10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1504, 15, 11, (2018).
- Silvia Federici, Konstantinos Paraskevopoulos, Risk assessment of new sequencing information for genetically modified soybean A2704‐12, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5496, 16, 11, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, José Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Beat Johannes Brüschweiler, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger‐Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Sirpa Kärenlampi, André Penninks, Davor Željeżić, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Davide Arcella, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Claudia Roncancio Peña, Christine Horn, Andrew Chesson, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase from a genetically modified Aspergillus oryzae (strain NZYM‐FA), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5480, 16, 11, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, José Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Beat Johannes Brüschweiler, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger‐Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Boet Glandorf, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Jaime Aguilera, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Davide Arcella, Ana Gomes, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Andrew Chesson, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase from a genetically modified Trichoderma reesei (strain DP‐Nzd22), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5479, 16, 11, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, José Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Beat Johannes Brüschweiler, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Rivière, Inger‐Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Boet Glandorf, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Davor Želježic, Jaime Aguilera, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Joaquim Maia, Claudia Roncancio Peña, Andrew Chesson, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme maltogenic amylase from a genetically modified Bacillus subtilis (strain NZYM‐SO), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5478, 16, 11, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, José Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Beat Johannes Brüschweiler, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Rivière, Inger‐Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Lieve Herman, André Penninks, Davor Želježic, Jaime Aguilera, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Joaquim Maia, Claudia Roncancio Peña, Andrew Chesson, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme maltogenic amylase from a genetically modified Bacillus subtilis (strain NZYM‐OC), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5477, 16, 11, (2018).
- Hanspeter Naegeli, Jean‐Louis Bresson, Tamas Dalmay, Ian Crawford Dewhurst, Michelle M Epstein, Leslie George Firbank, Philippe Guerche, Jan Hejatko, Francisco Javier Moreno, Ewen Mullins, Fabien Nogué, Nils Rostoks, Jose Juan Sánchez Serrano, Giovanni Savoini, Eve Veromann, Fabio Veronesi, Yann Devos, Michele Ardizzone, Franco Maria Neri, Nikoletta Papadopoulou, Giacomo De Sanctis, Antonio Fernandez Dumont, Andrea Gennaro, Jose Angel Gomez Ruiz, Konstantinos Paraskevopoulos, Assessment of genetically modified maize MZHG0JG for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA‐GMO‐DE‐2016‐133), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5469, 16, 11, (2018).
- Nikoletta Papadopoulou, Matthew Ramon, Risk assessment of new sequencing information for genetically modified soybean BPS‐CV127‐9, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5425, 16, 9, (2018).
- Andrea Gennaro, Irina Olaru, Nikoletta Papadopoulou, Matthew Ramon, Risk assessment of new sequencing information on genetically modified carnation FLO‐40689‐6, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5424, 16, 9, (2018).
- Hanspeter Naegeli, Andrew Nicholas Birch, Josep Casacuberta, Adinda De Schrijver, Mikołaj Antoni Gralak, Huw Jones, Barbara Manachini, Antoine Messéan, Elsa Ebbesen Nielsen, Fabien Nogué, Christophe Robaglia, Nils Rostoks, Jeremy Sweet, Christoph Tebbe, Francesco Visioli, Jean‐Michel Wal, Fernando Álvarez, Michele Ardizzone, Antonio Fernandez Dumont, José Ángel Gómez Ruiz, Nikoletta Papadopoulou, Konstantinos Paraskevopoulos, Assessment of genetically modified soybean MON 87751 for food and feed uses under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2014‐121), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5346, 16, 8, (2018).
- Hanspeter Naegeli, Andrew Nicholas Birch, Josep Casacuberta, Adinda De Schrijver, Mikołaj Antoni Gralak, Philippe Guerche, Huw Jones, Barbara Manachini, Antoine Messéan, Elsa Ebbesen Nielsen, Fabien Nogué, Christophe Robaglia, Nils Rostoks, Jeremy Sweet, Christoph Tebbe, Francesco Visioli, Jean‐Michel Wal, Fernando Àlvarez, Michele Ardizzone, Konstantinos Paraskevopoulos, Hermann Broll, Yann Devos, Antonio Fernandez Dumont, Jose Ángel Gómez Ruiz, Anna Lanzoni, Franco Maria Neri, Irina Olaru, Nikoletta Papadopoulou, Assessment of genetically modified maize 4114 for food and feed uses, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2014‐123), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5280, 16, 5, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Kevin Chipman, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Karla Pfaff, Gilles Riviere, Jannavi Srinivasan, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Henk van Loveren, Davor Želježić, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Davide Arcella, Natália Kovalkovičová, Joaquim Maia, Yi Liu, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase from a genetically modified Aspergillus niger (strain XEA), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5228, 16, 4, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Kevin Chipman, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Karla Pfaff, Gilles Riviere, Jannavi Srinivasan, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Henk van Loveren, Davor Želježic, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Davide Arcella, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme maltogenic amylase from a genetically modified Bacillus subtilis (strain NZYM‐SM), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5171, 16, 5, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Kevin Chipman, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Karla Pfaff, Gilles Riviere, Jannavi Srinivasan, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Davor Želježić, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Davide Arcella, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme aqualysin 1 from a genetically modified Bacillus subtilis (strain LMGS 25520), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5170, 16, 5, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Kevin Chipman, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Karla Pfaff, Gilles Riviere, Jannavi Srinivasan, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Boet Glandorf, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, David Arcella, Ana Gomes, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Joaquim Maia, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of food enzyme xylanase from a genetically modified Bacillus subtilis (strain LMG S‐27588), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5169, 16, 5, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Kevin Chipman, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Karla Pfaff, Gilles Riviere, Jannavi Srinivasan, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Davide Arcella, Ana Gomes, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Joaquim Maia, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of food enzyme glucan 1,4‐α‐maltohydrolase produced with a genetically modified Bacillus subtilis (strain MAM), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5168, 16, 5, (2018).
- Sarah Zanon Agapito-Tenfen, Vinicius Vilperte, Terje Ingemar Traavik, Rubens Onofre Nodari, Systematic miRNome profiling reveals differential microRNAs in transgenic maize metabolism, Environmental Sciences Europe, 10.1186/s12302-018-0168-7, 30, 1, (2018).
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- Ping Song, Nancy Podevin, Henry Mirsky, Jennifer Anderson, Bryan Delaney, Carey Mathesius, Laura Rowe, Rod A. Herman, Q-X1-P-X2 motif search for potential celiac disease risk has poor selectivity, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.09.021, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Kevin Chipman, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Karla Pfaff, Gilles Riviere, Jannavi Srinivasan, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Davor Želježić, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Davide Arcella, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Joaquim Maia, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme xylanase from a genetically modified Bacillus subtilis strain TD160(229), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5008, 16, 1, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, José Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Beat Johannes Brüschweiler, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger‐Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Ana Gomes, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Karl Heinz Engel, Andrew Chesson, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme glucan 1,4‐α‐glucosidase from a genetically modified Aspergillus niger (strain NZYM‐BW), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5446, 16, 10, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, José Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Beat Johannes Brüschweiler, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger‐Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk Van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Sirpa Kärenlampi, André Penninks, Davor Želježic, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Davide Arcella, Ana Gomes, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Annamaria Rossi, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Andrew Chesson, Safety of the food enzyme glucoamylase from a genetically modified Aspergillus niger (strain NZYM‐BF), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5450, 16, 10, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, José Manuel Barat Baviera, Claudia Bolognesi, Beat Johannes Brüschweiler, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Riccardo Crebelli, David Michael Gott, Konrad Grob, Evgenia Lampi, Alicja Mortensen, Gilles Riviere, Inger‐Lise Steffensen, Christina Tlustos, Henk van Loveren, Laurence Vernis, Holger Zorn, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Davide Arcella, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Annamaria Rossi, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Andrew Chesson, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme α‐amylase from a genetically modified Aspergillus niger (strain NZYM‐MC), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5451, 16, 10, (2018).
- Hanspeter Naegeli, Andrew Nicholas Birch, Josep Casacuberta, Adinda De Schrijver, Mikołaj Antoni Gralak, Philippe Guerche, Huw Jones, Barbara Manachini, Antoine Messéan, Elsa Ebbesen Nielsen, Fabien Nogué, Christophe Robaglia, Nils Rostoks, Jeremy Sweet, Christoph Tebbe, Francesco Visioli, Jean‐Michel Wal, Yann Devos, Hermann Broll, Matthew Ramon, Assessment of genetically modified maize MON 87403 for food and feed uses, import and processing, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA‐GMO‐BE‐2015‐125), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5225, 16, 3, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Kevin Chipman, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Karla Pfaff, Gilles Riviere, Jannavi Srinivasan, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Henk van Loveren, Davor Želježic, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Yi Liu, Annamaria Rossi, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme glucose oxidase from a genetically modified Aspergillus oryzae (strain NZYM‐KP), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5319, 16, 7, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Kevin Chipman, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Karla Pfaff, Gilles Riviere, Jannavi Srinivasan, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Henk van Loveren, Davor Želježic, Jaime Aguilera, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Natália Kovalkovicová, Joaquim Maia, Annamaria Rossi, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme α‐amylase from a genetically modified Bacillus licheniformis (strain NZYM‐AV), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5318, 16, 7, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Kevin Chipman, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Karla Pfaff, Gilles Riviere, Jannavi Srinivasan, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Henk van Loveren, Davor Želježic, Jaime Aguilera, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Natália Kovalkovicová, Annamaria Rossi, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme alpha‐amylase from a genetically modified Bacillus licheniformis (strain NZYM‐AN), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5317, 16, 7, (2018).
- Andrea Gennaro, Irina Olaru, Nikoletta Papadopoulou, Matthew Ramon, Risk assessment of new sequencing information on genetically modified carnation FLO‐40685‐2, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5396, 16, 7, (2018).
- Anthony Hardy, Diane Benford, Thorhallur Halldorsson, Michael John Jeger, Helle Katrine Knutsen, Simon More, Hanspeter Naegeli, Hubert Noteborn, Colin Ockleford, Antonia Ricci, Guido Rychen, Josef R. Schlatter, Vittorio Silano, Roland Solecki, Dominique Turck, Maged Younes, Qasim Chaudhry, Francesco Cubadda, David Gott, Agnes Oomen, Stefan Weigel, Melpo Karamitrou, Reinhilde Schoonjans, Alicja Mortensen, Guidance on risk assessment of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain: Part 1, human and animal health, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5327, 16, 7, (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Kevin Chipman, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Karla Pfaff, Gilles Riviere, Jannavi Srinivasan, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Henk Van Loveren, Davor Želježić, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Davide Arcella, Natália Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme α‐amylase from a genetically modified Aspergillus niger (strain NZYM‐SB), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5320, 16, 7, (2018).
- Elisabetta De Angelis, Simona Bavaro, Graziana Forte, Rosa Pilolli, Linda Monaci, Heat and Pressure Treatments on Almond Protein Stability and Change in Immunoreactivity after Simulated Human Digestion, Nutrients, 10.3390/nu10111679, 10, 11, (1679), (2018).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Kevin Chipman, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Karla Pfaff, Gilles Riviere, Jannavi Srinivasan, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Davor Želježić, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Davide Arcella, Yi Liu, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme peroxidase obtained from soybean (Glycine max) hulls, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5119, 15, 12, (2017).
- Nikoletta Papadopoulou, Matthew Ramon, Elisabeth Waigmann, Risk assessment of new sequencing information on genetically modified soybean event 40‐3‐2, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4968, 15, 8, (2017).
- Josep Casacuberta, Fabien Nogué, Irina Olaru, Matthew Ramon, Elisabeth Waigmann, Risk assessment of new sequencing information on genetically modified soybean event 305423, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4967, 15, 8, (2017).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Corina‐Aurelia Zugravu, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, Davor Želježic, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Zoltán Divéki, Natália Kovalkovičová, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme β‐amylase from genetically modified Bacillus licheniformis strain NZYM‐JA, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4896, 15, 8, (2017).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Corina‐Aurelia Zugravu, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, Davor Želježic, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Natália Kovalkovičová, Joaquim Maia, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme pullulanase from genetically modified Bacillus subtilis strain NZYM‐AK, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4895, 15, 8, (2017).
- V. Mahler, R. E. Goodman, Definition and Design of Hypoallergenic Foods, Molecular Allergy Diagnostics, 10.1007/978-3-319-42499-6, (487-511), (2017).
- R. Selb, J.M. Wal, F.J. Moreno, M. Lovik, C. Mills, K. Hoffmann-Sommergruber, A. Fernandez, Assessment of endogenous allergenicity of genetically modified plants exemplified by soybean – Where do we stand?, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.014, 101, (139-148), (2017).
- Hanspeter Naegeli, Andrew Nicholas Birch, Josep Casacuberta, Adinda De Schrijver, Mikołaj Antoni Gralak, Huw Jones, Barbara Manachini, Antoine Messéan, Elsa Ebbesen Nielsen, Fabien Nogué, Christophe Robaglia, Nils Rostoks, Jeremy Sweet, Christoph Tebbe, Francesco Visioli, Jean‐Michel Wal, Fernando Álvarez, Michele Ardizzone, Yi Liu, Franco Maria Neri, Matthew Ramon, Scientific opinion on an application by Dow AgroSciences LLC (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2012‐106) for the placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide‐tolerant soybean DAS‐44406‐6 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4738, 15, 3, (2017).
- Hanspeter Naegeli, Andrew Nicholas Birch, Josep Casacuberta, Adinda De Schrijver, Mikołaj Antoni Gralak, Huw Jones, Barbara Manachini, Antoine Messéan, Elsa Ebbesen Nielsen, Fabien Nogué, Christophe Robaglia, Nils Rostoks, Jeremy Sweet, Christoph Tebbe, Francesco Visioli, Jean‐Michel Wal, Michele Ardizzone, Yann Devos, Ana Gomes, Yi Liu, Franco Maria Neri, Irina Olaru, Scientific Opinion on an application by Dow AgroSciences LLC (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2011‐91) for the placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide‐tolerant soybean DAS‐68416‐4 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4719, 15, 3, (2017).
- Hassan Rahnama, Mahdi Nikmard, Mohsen Abolhasani, Rahim Osfoori, Forough Sanjarian, Ali Akbar Habashi, Immune analysis of cry1Ab-genetically modified potato by in-silico analysis and animal model, Food Science and Biotechnology, 10.1007/s10068-017-0181-4, 26, 5, (1437-1445), (2017).
- Hanspeter Naegeli, Andrew Nicholas Birch, Josep Casacuberta, Adinda De Schrijver, Mikolaj Antoni Gralak, Philippe Guerche, Huw Jones, Barbara Manachini, Antoine Messéan, Elsa Ebbesen Nielsen, Fabien Nogué, Christophe Robaglia, Nils Rostoks, Jeremy Sweet, Christoph Tebbe, Francesco Visioli, Jean‐Michel Wal, Philippe Eigenmann, Michelle Epstein, Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber, Frits Koning, Martinus Lovik, Clare Mills, Francisco Javier Moreno, Henk van Loveren, Regina Selb, Antonio Fernandez Dumont, Guidance on allergenicity assessment of genetically modified plants, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4862, 15, 6, (2017).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Kevin Chipman, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Karla Pfaff, Gilles Riviere, Jannavi Srinivasan, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Davor Želježic, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Margarita Aguilera‐Gómez, Natalia Kovalkovičová, Yi Liu, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme pullulanase from Pullulanibacillus naganoensis strain AE‐PL, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5009, 15, 10, (2017).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Corina‐Aurelia Zugravu, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Herman, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, Davor Želježić, Davide Arcella, Zoltán Divéki, Yi Liu, Kim René Rygaard Nielsen, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme β‐amylase obtained from soybean (Glycine max), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4757, 15, 5, (2017).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Maria Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Corina‐Aurelia Zugravu, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Hermann, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, Davor Želježić, Davide Arcella, Yi Liu, Kim René Rygaard Nielsen, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme β‐amylase obtained from barley (Hordeum vulgare), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4756, 15, 5, (2017).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Maria Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Corina‐Aurelia Zugravu, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Hermann, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, Davor Želježic, Margarita Aguilera‐Gomez, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Davide Arcella, Natalia Kovalkovicova, Yi Liu, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of the food enzyme endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase from genetically modified Aspergillus niger strain XYL, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4755, 15, 5, (2017).
- Vittorio Silano, Claudia Bolognesi, Laurence Castle, Jean‐Pierre Cravedi, Paul Fowler, Roland Franz, Konrad Grob, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Sirpa Kärenlampi, Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, André Penninks, Andrew Smith, Maria Fátima Tavares Poças, Christina Tlustos, Detlef Wölfle, Holger Zorn, Corina‐Aurelia Zugravu, Andrew Chesson, Boet Glandorf, Lieve Hermann, Klaus‐Dieter Jany, Francesca Marcon, Davor Želježic, Magdalena Andryszkiewicz, Yi Liu, Karl‐Heinz Engel, Safety evaluation of a β‐amylase food enzyme obtained from wheat (Triticum spp.), EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4754, 15, 5, (2017).
- Syed Umer Abdullah, Yuri Alexeev, Philip E. Johnson, Neil M. Rigby, Alan R. Mackie, Balvinder Dhaliwal, E. N. Clare Mills, Ligand binding to an Allergenic Lipid Transfer Protein Enhances Conformational Flexibility resulting in an Increase in Susceptibility to Gastroduodenal Proteolysis, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/srep30279, 6, 1, (2016).
- Tomas Lafarga, Matthias Wilm, Kieran Wynne, Maria Hayes, Bioactive hydrolysates from bovine blood globulins: Generation, characterisation, and in silico prediction of toxicity and allergenicity, Journal of Functional Foods, 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.031, 24, (142-155), (2016).
- Hanspeter Naegeli, Andrew Nicholas Birch, Josep Casacuberta, Adinda De Schrijver, Mikołaj Antoni Gralak, Philippe Guerche, Huw Jones, Barbara Manachini, Antoine Messéan, Elsa Ebbesen Nielsen, Fabien Nogué, Christophe Robaglia, Nils Rostoks, Jeremy Sweet, Christoph Tebbe, Francesco Visioli, Jean‐Michel Wal, Zoltán Divéki, Antonio Fernández‐Dumont, Andrea Gennaro, Anna Lanzoni, Franco Maria Neri, Konstantinos Paraskevopoulos, Scientific Opinion on an application by Dow AgroSciences (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2013‐116) for placing on the market of genetically modified insect‐resistant soybean DAS‐81419‐2 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4642, 14, 12, (2016).
- Hanspeter Naegeli, Andrew Nicholas Birch, Josep Casacuberta, Adinda De Schrijver, Mikolaj Antoni Gralak, Philippe Guerche, Huw Jones, Barbara Manachini, Antoine Messéan, Elsa Ebbesen Nielsen, Fabien Nogué, Christophe Robaglia, Nils Rostoks, Jeremy Sweet, Christoph Tebbe, Francesco Visioli, Jean‐Michel Wal, Konstantinos Paraskevopoulos, Risk assessment of new sequencing information on GM maize event DAS‐59122‐7, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4639, 14, 12, (2016).
- Hanspeter Naegeli, Andrew Nicholas Birch, Josep Casacuberta, Adinda De Schrijver, Mikołaj Antoni Gralak, Philippe Guerche, Huw Jones, Barbara Manachini, Antoine Messéan, Elsa Ebbesen Nielsen, Fabien Nogué, Christophe Robaglia, Nils Rostoks, Jeremy Sweet, Christoph Tebbe, Francesco Visioli, Jean‐Michel Wal, Fernando Álvarez, Michele Ardizzone, Antonio Fernández Dumont, Yi Liu, Franco Maria Neri, Matthew Ramon, Scientific Opinion on an application by DOW AgroSciences LLC (EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2010‐89) for placing on the market the genetically modified herbicide‐tolerant maize DAS‐40278‐9 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4633, 14, 12, (2016).
- Oyster mortality, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4122, 13, 6, (2015).
- Guidance on the agronomic and phenotypic characterisation of genetically modified plants, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4128, 13, 6, (2015).
- Statement on the suitability of the BEEHAVE model for its potential use in a regulatory context and for the risk assessment of multiple stressors in honeybees at the landscape level, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4125, 13, 6, (2015).
- Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4257, 13, 10, (2015).
- Scientific Opinion on an application (Reference EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2011‐100) for the placing on the market of the herbicide‐tolerant, increased oleic acid genetically modified soybean MON 87705 × MON 89788 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4178, 13, 7, (2015).
- Scientific Opinion on an application (EFSA‐GMO‐BE‐2011‐98) for the placing on the market of herbicide‐tolerant genetically modified soybean FG72 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Bayer CropScience, EFSA Journal, 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4167, 13, 7, (2015).
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